Fettreiche Ernährung induziert Stoffwechselstörung in der Fruchtfliege Drosophila melanogaster

Different diets have a great impact on our health. HFD has adverse effects on the metabolism and the structure and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. High fat diet (HFD) is a major reason for the epidemic development of various metabolic disorders. In Drosophila melanogaster HFD triggers the proliferation and differentiation of the intestinal epithelium leading to renewal of the epithelial layer. HFD and microflora trigger inflammation and permeability through disruption of tight junctions within the epithelium. In the fly, proliferation and differentiation of the gut epithelium results from activation of various signalling pathways including stress responses within the ECs finally leading to release of upd3. This triggers ISC proliferation and differentiation. The interplay role of HFD behind the activation of JNK, Nrf2, notch and Ca2+-signaling pathways are remains to be elucidated. Moreover, HFD affects gastric emptying time and slows down the defecation rate. HFD modulates the metabolisms of lipids being a major cause of metabolic disorder increasing the number of microbiota community. Manifestation of metabolic disorder in the gut may be causally associated with several chronic diseases such as IBD, IBS, insulin resistance and ultimately with cancer.Verschiedene Diäten haben einen großen Einfluss auf unsere Gesundheit. HFD hat nachteilige Auswirkungen auf den Stoffwechsel und die Struktur und der Physiologie des Magen-Darm-Trakt. Fettreiche Diät (HFD) ist ein wesentlicher Grund für die Epidemie Entwicklung verschiedener Stoffwechselstörungen. In Drosophila melanogaster HFD löst die Proliferation und Differenzierung von Darmepithel, die zu Erneuerung der Epithelschicht. HFD und Mikroflora auslösen Entzündungen und Durchlässigkeit durch Störung der tight junctions im Epithel. In der Fliege, die Proliferation und Differenzierung der Darmepithel Ergebnisse Aktivierung verschiedener Signalwege einschließlich Stress-Antworten innerhalb der ECs schließlich führt zu der upd3 lösen. Dies löst ISC Proliferation und Differenzierung. Das Zusammenspiel Rolle der HFD hinter der Aktivierung von JNK, Nrf2, Notch und Ca2 + -signaling Wege sind noch nicht geklärt. Darüber hinaus wirkt sich HFD Magenentleerung Zeit und verlangsamt den Stuhlgang Rate. HFD moduliert die Stoffwechsel von Lipiden als eine Hauptursache für metabolische Störung Erhöhung der Anzahl der mikrobiellen Gemeinschaft. Offenbarung der Stoffwechselstörung im Darm kausal mit verschiedenen chronischen Krankheiten wie IBD, IBS, Insulinresistenz und schließlich mit Krebs in Verbindung gebracht werden

Association of Big Data with Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Online Retail Segment: A Serial Mediation Model for Relating Big Data with Strategic Management Tools

Purpose: Big-Data is one of the most studied and researched topics of recent times. The tool has been studied vastly in the western world. However, the domains were either related to science and technology, although there is a need to relate Big Data to strategic management and competitive advantage to remove the lack of research in that vein. Methodology: This study is systematically conducted to explore the effect of big data on the attainment of business improvement in the online retail segment. The model has been developed through an in-depth literature review to relate the resource-based view with the attainment of sustainable competitive advantage through serial mediation of big-data analytics knowledge and innovative capabilities. Data was collected through non-probability sampling from IT managers and specialists associated with the online retail segment and analysis was conducted through SMART-PLS. Findings: Results indicated that big data is for the improvement of business for the online retail segment. However, data availability is a must for applying big-data analytics toward sustainable competitive advantage. Conclusion: This study concludes that all the relations and indicates that Bug-Data is fruitful for booting advanced knowledge and innovative capabilities. However, the onlin IT sector needs to have some other elements like advanced IT skills to legitimize the relationshi

Intelligent Reflective Surface Deployment in 6G: A Comprehensive Survey

Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are considered a promising technology that can smartly reconfigure the wireless environment to enhance the performance of future wireless networks. However, the deployment of IRSs still faces challenges due to highly dynamic and mobile unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabled wireless environments to achieve higher capacity. This paper sheds light on the different deployment strategies for IRSs in future terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks. Specifically, in this paper, we introduce key theoretical concepts underlying the IRS paradigm and discuss the design aspects related to the deployment of IRSs in 6G networks. We also explore optimization-based IRS deployment techniques to improve system performance in terrestrial and aerial IRSs. Furthermore, we survey model-free reinforcement learning (RL) techniques from the deployment aspect to address the challenges of achieving higher capacity in complex and mobile IRS-assisted UAV wireless systems. Finally, we highlight challenges and future research directions from the deployment aspect of IRSs for improving system performance for the future 6G network.Comment: 16 pages, 3 Figures, 7 table

Unhappy on the Job: An Unpleasent Experience Faced by Cashiers in the Banking Sector of Pakistan: Evidence from District Faisalabad

The study is aimed to depict the factors that affect the job satisfaction of cashiers in the banking sector of Pakistan and make them to feel unhappy on the job. For in-depth understanding of the concept under study, qualitative research strategy is applied. To achieve the objectives, MCB Bank Limited and Habib Bank Limited were selected as population of the study from city district Faisalabad, Pakistan. A semi structured interview technique is employed to collect the data from cashiers of study who provide the necessary information about their feelings at their jobs and its different facets. Nvivo-10 software is used to analyze the data. Different queries are run to explore the factors contributing towards unhappiness of employees. We find that cashiers feel unhappy on the job at banks due to low salary, limited benefits & opportunities for promotion, job insecurity, long working hours, imbalance in work & family life, lack of participation in decision making and nature of work itself. The findings are helpful to the HR departments of the banking sector as the findings reveal cashiers are unhappy on their jobs which may lead towards increased absenteeism/turnover. HR department of banks can make effective policies to change the feelings of cashiers to increase their performance and avoid turnover costs. A wide range of factors contributing to unhappy feelings of cashiers, but in the current study we explore not many factors. Furthermore the study is limited to only two banks of district Faisalabad with only 30 interviews

Association of Big Data with Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Online Retail Segment: A Serial Mediation Model for Relating Big Data with Strategic Management Tools

Purpose: Big-Data is one of the most studied and researched topics of recent times. The tool has been studied vastly in the western world. However, the domains were either related to science and technology, although there is a need to relate Big Data to strategic management and competitive advantage to remove the lack of research in that vein. Methodology: This study is systematically conducted to explore the effect of big data on the attainment of business improvement in the online retail segment. The model has been developed through an in-depth literature review to relate the resource-based view with the attainment of sustainable competitive advantage through serial mediation of big-data analytics knowledge and innovative capabilities. Data was collected through non-probability sampling from IT managers and specialists associated with the online retail segment and analysis was conducted through SMART-PLS. Findings: Results indicated that big data is for the improvement of business for the online retail segment. However, data availability is a must for applying big-data analytics toward sustainable competitive advantage. Conclusion: This study concludes that all the relations and indicates that Bug-Data is fruitful for booting advanced knowledge and innovative capabilities. However, the onlin IT sector needs to have some other elements like advanced IT skills to legitimize the relationshi

Integration of Data Driven Technologies in Smart Grids for Resilient and Sustainable Smart Cities: A Comprehensive Review

A modern-day society demands resilient, reliable, and smart urban infrastructure for effective and in telligent operations and deployment. However, unexpected, high-impact, and low-probability events such as earthquakes, tsunamis, tornadoes, and hurricanes make the design of such robust infrastructure more complex. As a result of such events, a power system infrastructure can be severely affected, leading to unprecedented events, such as blackouts. Nevertheless, the integration of smart grids into the existing framework of smart cities adds to their resilience. Therefore, designing a resilient and reliable power system network is an inevitable requirement of modern smart city infras tructure. With the deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT), smart cities infrastructures have taken a transformational turn towards introducing technologies that do not only provide ease and comfort to the citizens but are also feasible in terms of sustainability and dependability. This paper presents a holistic view of a resilient and sustainable smart city architecture that utilizes IoT, big data analytics, unmanned aerial vehicles, and smart grids through intelligent integration of renew able energy resources. In addition, the impact of disasters on the power system infrastructure is investigated and different types of optimization techniques that can be used to sustain the power flow in the network during disturbances are compared and analyzed. Furthermore, a comparative review analysis of different data-driven machine learning techniques for sustainable smart cities is performed along with the discussion on open research issues and challenges

Comparative analysis of AC and DC distribution system with respect to harmonic distortion considering daily load profile

Electrical energy is the most efficient and the cleanest form of energy at the moment that is being transmitted and distributed amongst end-users. From its earlier days, the AC system was preferred as an economical solution for transmission and distribution. However, the development in the power electronics technology and the evolution of highly efficient power electronic converters have established the resurgence of DC power system. Furthermore, the trend is shifting towards DC loads as various energy efficient appliances, such as DC inverter air conditioners, operate on DC nowadays. This further advocates the shift towards the DC power system. This research works is an effort to perform the comparative analysis of AC Distribution System (ACDS) and DC Distribution System (DCDS), with regards to power quality and harmonic distortion in particular. The comparison is performed considering load profile and load variation on daily basis. Simulations are performed in MATLAB. It has been concluded at the end that ACDS is better than DCDS in terms of power quality as total harmonic distortion of the DCDS under the same loading and same load variation during the whole day was significantly higher than that of ACDS

Randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation in adults using low-flow or high-flow nasal cannula with head side elevation versus usual care to prevent desaturation during endotracheal intubation in the emergency department (ApOxED): Study protocol

Introduction: Apnoeic oxygenation is a process of delivering continuous oxygen through nasal cannula during direct laryngoscopy. The oxygen that is delivered through these nasal cannulas is either low flow or high flow. Although the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation has been shown through systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials, a comparison of high-flow versus low-flow oxygen delivery has not been tested through a superiority study design. In this study we propose to assess the effectiveness of giving low-flow oxygen with head side elevation versus high-flow oxygen with head side elevation against the usual practice of care in which no oxygen is provided during direct laryngoscopy.Methods and analysis: This will be a three-arm study instituting a block randomisation technique with a sample size of 46 in each arm (see table 1). Due to the nature of the intervention, no blinding will be introduced. The primary outcomes will be lowest non-invasive oxygen saturation measurement during direct laryngoscopy and during the 2 min after the placement of the tube and the first pass success rate. The intervention constitutes head side elevation up to 30° for improving glottis visualisation together with low-flow or high-flow oxygen delivery through nasal cannula to increase safe apnoea time for participants undergoing endotracheal intubation. Primary analysis will be intention to treat.Ethics and dissemination: The study is approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Aga Khan University Hospital (2019-0726-2463). The project is an institution University Research Committee grant recipient 192 002ER-PK. The results of the study will be disseminated among participants, patient communities and healthcare professionals in the institution through seminars, presentations and emails. Further, the findings will be published in a highly accessed peer-reviewed medical journal and will be presented at both national and international conferences

Pharmacological evaluation of Vernonia elaeagnifolia (Asteraceae) leaves in hyperlipidemic albino rabbits

Purpose: To evaluate the antihyperlipidemic efficacy and phytochemical constituents of Vernonia elaeagnifolia aqueous leaf extract.Method: Qualitative phytochemical analysis of V. elaeagnifolia leaves was performed. Thirty healthy albino rabbits were divided into six groups (n = 6). Cholesterol powder (0.5 g/kg) in 10 mL coconut oil (vehicle) was given orally to induce hyperlipidemia. The aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia elaeagnifolia was administered at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg per oral. Lipid profile, hepatic enzymes and oxidative stress markers were evaluated.Results: Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of tannins, proteins, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids and saponins. Oral administration of cholesterol powder significantly (p < 0.05) raised the level of serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglyceride (TG) along with significant (p < 0.05) decrease in serum concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc). Concentration of serum TC, LDL-c, TG and liver enzymes was significantly reduced in V. elaeagnifolia-treated groups. The levels of oxidative stress markers were restored to normal when the animals were treated with V. elaeagnifolia leaf extract; increased levels of antioxidant enzymes were observed.Conclusion: The aqueous leaf extract of V. elaeagnifolia possesses antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant potentials that are dose-dependent. However, further studies are required to develop the plant for therapeutic applications.Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, Oxidative stress markers, Cholesterol, Vernonia elaeagnifoli

Gut Microbiome: A New Organ System in Body

The gut microbiome is comprised of various types of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses naturally occurring in humans and animals as normal microflora. Gut microorganisms are typically host specific, and their number and type vary according to different host species and environment. Gut microbes contribute directly and/or indirectly to various physiological processes including immune modulation, regulation of various neurotransmitter, and hormones, as well as production of many antioxidants and metabolites. They also play a role as antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-carcinogenic agents. Moreover, the ability of gut microbes to attenuate various systemic diseases like coronary heart disease, irritable bowel syndrome, metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus, and infectious diseases like diarrhea has recently been reported. Current research findings have enough evidence to suggest that gut microbiome is a new organ system mainly due to the microorganisms’ specific biochemical interaction with their hosts and their systemic integration into the host biology. Investigations into the potential ability of gut microbiome to influence metabolism inside their host via biochemical interaction with antibiotics and other drugs has recently been initiated. This chapter specifically focuses on the importance of gut microorganisms as a new organ system